Essay The English Reformation - 3494 Words

The English Reformation During the reign of King Richard II England was experiencing her first serious outbreak of heresy for nearly a millennium. This widespread heresy, known as Lollardy, held the reformation of the Catholic Church as its main motivation, and was based upon the ideas of John Wyclif, an Oxford scholar. All kinds of men, not only in London but in widely-separated regions of the country, seized the opportunity to voice criticisms both constructive and destructive of the present state of the Church. While commoners protested and pressed for reform, going so far as to present their manifesto, the Twelve Conclusions, to Parliament, members of the royal household were protecting John Wyclif and his ideas, John of†¦show more content†¦It thus followed that it was the duty of the king to reform the Church. Eleven years after Wyclifs death, a group of Lollards came before Parliament with their complaints, and asked the Lords and the Commons in Parliament to lead the way to reformation. Wyclifs, and by extension the Lollards, views also included the supreme importance of the Scriptures as a guide to living a Christian life, as opposed to the Catholic view which placed the Scripture along side the advise and beliefs of the Church hierarchy. This resulted in the translation of the Gospels and the Bible into English so that all people could read and understand the Scriptures. The Lollards rebelled against the idea that the host and wine could be turned into the body and blood of Jesus, and called for a return to primitive simplicity and morality. Two main areas of contention for the Lollards, as well as the royal administration, however, were the Churchs exorbitant wealth and the supremacy of the pope. After the Peasant Revolt of 1381 priests did their best to associate the attacks by peasants on ecclesiastical and secular property with Wyclifs teaching on lordshipShow MoreRelatedEssay on The English Reformation1410 Words   |  6 PagesThough there was no driving for ce like Luther, Zwingli or Calvin during the English Reformation, it succeeded because certain people strived for political power and not exactly for religious freedom. People like Queen Elizabeth I and Henry VIII brought the Reformation in England much success, however their reasons were based on self-gain and desire for political power. Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I may have been the English Reformation’s greatest benefactors, all because of self interest. HenryRead MoreImpact of the English Reformation and the Restoration on the English Colonies1729 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of the English Reformation and the Restoration on the English Colonies From the turmoils of establishing a stable political and religious identity in all of Europe, and England in particular, gave rise to the English Reformation and subsequently the Restoration era in the 16th and 17th centuries. While the onset of both the English Reformation and the Restoration era had a prominent impact on the colonies in the New World in regards to religious freedom, they differed in that theRead MoreHenry Viii and the English Reformation4950 Words   |  20 PagesLIBERTY UNIVERSITY Henry VIII and the English Reformation A PAPER SUBMITTED TO Dr. Gregory Tomlin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE CHHI 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY DAVID E. ROBERTS LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA SUNDAY, MARCH 8, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................................................. 3 Prince Henry VIII and His Character Development.......................................Read MoreTyndale Bible And The Reformation Of England860 Words   |  4 PagesThe Reformation of England The Reformation of England was a very important, yet difficult time, in history. According to Hughes Oliphant Old, author of The Reading and Preaching of the Scriptures in the Worship of the Christian, â€Å"The Reformation in England obviously pressed for a variety of changes that affected the whole life of the nation† (Old, 2002) There are many people and experiences that influenced this Reformation in English history. One of the biggest influences on The Reformation wasRead MoreThe Henrician Reformation Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Henrician Reformation The Henrician Reformation had much more political purpose than religious principles and to understand this much of the motives and changes of the reformation need to be considered. Reformation itself suggests that the events were all clearly linked together as a part of religious reform however, according to C. Davies most of those involved in bringing about the reformationRead MoreThe During The Reign Of Henry Viii1280 Words   |  6 PagesHenry VIII, England had witnessed the most dramatic enforcement of the power of the king. The events leading up to the English Reformation were the catalyst for major changes with the political and religious power of the king that would be carried on throughout English history. The problems that the Medieval English Church faced were some of the major reasons why the reformation took place.Even though there were external factors that influenced the separation of the Church of England from the RomanRead MoreThe Tudors Effect On The English Church Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pages Argument Persuasion Essay: The Tudors Effect on the English Church â€Å"Nothing would be the same for any woman in this country again. From this time onward no wife, however obedient, however loving, would be safe. For everyone would know that if a wife such as Queen Katherine of England could be put aside for no reason, then any wife could be put aside.† (Gregory, 2002, 276) The Tudor dynasty was a well-known royal family during England in the 1500’s. The best known, and discussed ruler during thisRead MoreThe Tudors Effect On History Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pageswives, specifically six, and also his radical reformation of the English Church. King Henry VIII was very concerned with having a male heir to continue the dynasty. For that reason, he annulled his first marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon. This annulment of his first marriage fuelled the creation of the English Church. Although Henry VIII may have acted in pure self-interest, this creation of the English Church would later lead to the Protestant Reformation. Students s tudying the Tudor Dynasty shouldRead More Essay on Religion in the Works of William Shakespeare1720 Words   |  7 PagesCatholic nation. Before Shakespeares lifetime, a strange and drastic change occurred that completely upended the existing Catholicism of the English people. During King Henry VIIIs reign, the English people were, for the most part, content with Catholicism. Through a series of very complex political maneuvers, Henry eventually seized power of the English church. The benefits of this control were enormous for the state. First of all, Henry obtained his divorce from his first wife. Second, the stateRead MoreWhat Events That Changed The Reformation?943 Words   |  4 PagesA. What dramatic event in 1517 brought about the Reformation? On October 31, 1517, a plump, young professor Augustinian monk named Martin Luther (1483-1546) tacked/nailed a list of 95 complaints about the Catholic Church on the doors of the Wittenberg Cathedral. Written in Latin, the complaints were mostly attacking the doctrine of indulgences. Indulgences were forgiveness of punishment for sins, usually obtained either through good works or prayers along with the payment of an appropriate sum

Criminal Justice System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2758 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Criminal Justice Essay Justice Essay Did you like this example? Title How can a Restorative Justice approach work in our current Criminal Justice System? Restorative Justice Introduction Before the Restorative Justice Act was enacted by the Maltese Parliament in 2010 and subsequently coming into force in 2012 with the publication of Legal Notice 43, criminal justice was first and foremost a punishing system as a means of vengeance on behalf of society. Yet, in reality Restorative Justice is not a recent belief that has developed during these last few years. It has been with us for ages and although we do not normally recognize this, it was and still is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"way of lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and used by the general public as a substitute to the punitive system with the aim of punishing offenders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In some parts of the world, modern government structures have taken away from communities the power to resolve disputes and wrongdoing. Yet, in many places, traditional structures are still workin g effectively. In the tribal arrangements of some areas, for example, major crimes are settled by community elders and family problems are effectively resolved by family elders, male and female.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Howard Zehr with Ali Gohar 2003). Nevertheless, even though restorative justice is not a recent innovation it still is rather new, given that, universally, criminal justice was initially a punitive approach in providing justice. As a matter of fact, restorative justice came about as a result to the failure of the punitive approach in reducing recidivism. In the study à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Devils and Angelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ it is stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the punitive system failed due to the traditional penal sanctions that included the collapse of the welfare ideal and of the rehabilitative idealà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Fionda, J. 2005). In actual fact, the punitive system was only intended as a deterrent and also as retributive for rejecting the offender from society. In addition , it ignored the rights of the victim from having a say. The role of the victim was only to be called as a witness for the prosecution and then forgotten. Thus the purpose as a witness was just for the Court to establish if the accused is at fault or otherwise. On the other hand, restorative justice is different from the punitive approach. The aim is not only to rehabilitate the offender but more importantly to include the victim as part of the restorative model. Ethics in Victim-Offender Mediation Ethics in mediation process is the crucial aspect to achieve an unbiased solution that would result in a win-win situation for both parties in conflict. The whole mediation process is based on ethics between both the mediator and the parties and the parties themselves. Apart from the parole system, the most important aspect in the Restorative Justice Act of Malta is the victim-offender mediation. There are many critics that have doubts as to whether mediation between an offender and the victim can achieve the desirable result and what type of agreement can be reached. Some of these critical issues include à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Is mediation possible with persons suffering from a personality disorder? Can you mediate with psychopaths? Are there limitations when crime is too severe, and should we protect the victims against secondary victimization? (Delvigne, A. 2005). Restorative Justice in Malta Victim-offender mediation encourages reconciliation and resolution. Yet, not all victims or offenders are eligible to attend victim-offender mediation. First of all, the offender must admit that he had committed the offence in question and must also be willing to enter into mediation. The offender must voluntarily agree to take part in the victim-offender mediation. The victim, just like the offender, must also voluntarily agree to take part and be willing to enter into such mediation. Whether victim-offender mediation takes place or not will be specifically determin ed by the nature of the offence, including the level of harm caused by the aggressor or the violence involved in its commission according to the legal regulations. Not all victims and offenders are eligible to victim-offender mediation and account will be taken of the victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ motivations in meeting up with the offender and vice-versa. The personal characteristics of both the offender and the victim will be considered as well as the impact of the offence as seen by both the offender and the victim. The possibility of psychological repercussions on the victim is also taken into account as well as the offenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s remorse for his/her actions. What is interesting is that victim-offender mediation takes place without the presence of any legal counsel. There are three instances where mediation should be terminated. It should come to an end when an agreement is reached; when an agreement cannot be reached; or when either of the parties does not wish t o carry on with the mediation. The agreement reached can include compensation for damages, non-pecuniary compensation, community service or even rehabilitation programs and formal apologies. The essential aspect remains that the victim and the offender should reach a consensus following a negotiation process of a reparation agreement. An effective Restorative Justice approach Restorative justice, unlike the punitive system, advocates forgiveness, healing, reintegration, reconciliation and is specifically aimed at offenders and victims. It also offers support to offenders along with a final resolution to victims and also strengthening the relationships in communities. Several countries have reported that during these last years there was an increase in the number of victims of crime who have gave their consent in meeting in-person with the offender who had caused them harm. (OVC, 2000). The main reason for crime victims to meet their offenders is essentially to let them know how the crime has affected their live; to ask the question à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"whyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ they were victimized and other distressing questions which every victim has a right for an answer. Furthermore, these meetings will cause influence so that offenders will be held accountable for the crime they have caused. A study carried out by Dussich and Schellenberg (2010) revealed that organisations in various countries, directly involved in the criminal justice system including the police, law courts, and probation officers have all praised and supported the use of victim-offender mediation as a realistic alternative to the traditional retribution that every State on behalf of society demand against offenders. In view of this growing need, the time has come for the Maltese legislature and judiciary to acknowledge and promote the significance of victim-offender mediation by primarily giving it the value and priority it deserves towards victims and subsequently to look at the need s of the offenders. Victim-offender mediation should not be classified or linked as part of the civil, commercial, or family mediation. These categories of mediation are totally distinct from each other and should be regarded and dealt with as such. In Malta, mediation in family dispute situations such as marriage separation or child custody affairs is mandatory and in time it has become accepted as a viable alternative to court litigation. Nevertheless, mediation in civil, commercial, and social disputes including victim-offender mediation is currently applied only in theory and non-existent in reality. The distinction between the various civil forms of mediation against that of VOM is that in civil related issues the participants are referred to as disputants and the objective for mediation is that of reaching a mutual resolution by compromise that will assist both parties equally. Therefore both disputants are considered as evenly balanced and are expected to contribute on the same level to resolve their conflict. In essence, the aim of these settlements focuses on the conflict with little weight given on the participants emotional aspects or how the resolution is going to affect their lives. On the contrary, in mediation, the participants should not be considered as disputants. The power of imbalance between the victim and offender already exists and the offender is already regarded as guilty for having committed a criminal offence. On the other hand, the other party is considered and labelled as the victim of the crime. This means that mediation will not focus on the guilt or the level of compromise to be reached. Victims of crime should not concentrate on negotiating the type of restitution to be granted, but VOM is primarily to be regarded as a dialogue between the victim and the offender, where the interests and needs of the victim should be given precedence, followed by the needs of the offender and the type of restitution or financial compensat ion to be reached as part of the agreement. Nevertheless it should be maintained that the agreement is only to be regarded as a secondary issue whilst the objective of initiating a VOM meeting should remain as a restorative justice dialogue between the victim and the offender. Empathy towards the offender is also vital as the dialogue should be guided in order to prevent future criminal conduct by the offender. According to Unmbreit (2001), VOM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“provides interested victims the opportunity to meet with the juvenile or adult offender, in a safe and structured setting, with the goal of holding the offender directly accountable for their behaviour while providing important assistance and compensation to the victim.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Way Forward As I have already explained, the purpose of victim-offender mediation is to offer a conflict resolution procedure in restoring the emotional and physical harm caused by the crime. Although in our legislation victim-offender mediation is listed as Part VI of the Legal Act under the heading of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Establishment of the Victim Support Unità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, it is not clear whether Restorative Justice in specifically intended towards society, the victim, or the offender. Our legislative representatives appear to be more inclined towards taking the direction of society-centred approach. Of course, one of the aims for restorative justice is intended to eliminate or at least control recidivism, however in order to arrive at this phase, the main priority should be focused towards a victim-centred approach. This is supported by research that suggests that mediation should be person-centred rather than position-centred communication. (Motchnig R., 2014). The safety and wellbeing of the victim is to be placed high in the dialogue agenda. It is the appointed mediatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role who is responsible for the security, protection and welfare of the victim. The victim should feel out of harms way during the entire process and therefore the location for the meeting with the offender should be conducted in a place where the victim deems secure. Individual pre-mediation meetings are of vital importance, so that the mediator would be able to carry out a screening process on both the victim and the offender with the objective to evaluate whether they are suitable of representing themselves and competent to communicate their needs. Furthermore the mediator would also be in a reasonable position to explain to each party in a private manner the rules and guidelines to be followed. The mediator should first approach the offender to verify that s/he is giving his or her consent to meet with the victim. It would be a case re-victimisation, if the mediator first discusses this issue with the victim and after agreeing to meet the offender, finds out that the offender has turned down the request for VOM. Active listening, empowerment and empathy should be an on-going process throug hout the mediation sessions in order to encourage the victims to express their needs, to participate effectively, and to assist the offender to listen to what the victim has to say. Author Kenneth A. Wells (2008) quotes that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A good listener tries to understand what the other person is saying. In the end he may disagree sharply, but because he disagrees, he wants to know exactly what it is he is disagreeing with.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Apart from the location site, the waiting area and the seating setting is also part of the logistics that the mediator needs to prepare ahead of the meeting. The victim should be advised to be seated close to the exit door and preferably the offender and victim are to be seated at the opposite ends of the table with the mediator seated to the side of each party. Whatever the seating arrangement is, the outcome should be that the victim feels safe and secure. The victim should also be given the opportunity to choose whether he/she wants to sp eak first or to let the offender initiate the dialogue by going through the sequence of events that led to the crime. Some victims tend to wait before they speak up with the aim to overcome any power of imbalance that might exist. According to Ken Braun (n.d.) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“No conversation is too difficult to have but sometimes people need help having that conversation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  I believe that the duration of the entire mediation should last not more than three sessions. If after these sessions, the mediator feels that there are no developments or that a resolution is still far from being reached, than it would be futile to continue pursuing for an agreement and it would be better to stop mediation. As for restitution, it is essential that the agreement plan must be negotiated between the victim and the offender. It could be monetary or non-pecuniary compensation and some victims might be satisfied that the offender follow a rehabilitation programme or perform community w ork. For others a simple letter of apology would be all that they require or ask for. No matter what the mode of restitution is, the bottom line is that such an agreement should be legally binding either by the court of law or signed by the parties themselves and approved by the victim-offender mediation committee. In order to achieve this, parliament is to rectify and amend the Restorative Justice act so that justice with victims would be prevailed. As the law stands today, an agreement reached by the parties is not binding and this could be one of the reasons why VOM is not acknowledged or recognised by victims or professionals working in the field of the criminal justice system. Another approach for restorative justice to be effective is for the mediator to keep in contact with both the victim and the offender after the end of mediation, at least for a period of time. A short term follow-up is sometimes all that is required for victims to feel secure and to continue leading a normal life. The victim-offender mediation committee should include as part of its responsibility the role of an advisory board where mediators can have a point of reference to consult and discuss difficulties that they may encounter with their supervisors. This requires competent and qualified appointed committee members who are knowledgeable in legal aspects, mediation, and psychological assistance. Conclusion Personally, I feel that the past and present appointed VOM committee have so far failed in their mission to incorporate the Restorative Justice act as an integral part of our criminal justice system. In order to resolve this limitation, the committee is required to seriously promote VOM. After all, article 27(1)(g) of Chapter 516 of the Laws of Malta clearly states that one of the functions of the victim support unit is the promotion of victim-offender mediation as a means of reparation for both the victim and the offender at any stage of the criminal justice process. This can be achieved by coordinating and setting-up conferences and seminars to all stakeholders within the criminal justice system, and also to promote this practice throughout the media for the information of the general public. In conclusion, if victim-offender mediation is not given the opportunity by the Magistrates and Judges in referring eligible cases to the committee for evaluation, it will remain difficult to analyse the benefits that this system claims to provide and most of all whether it would be constructive in enhancing our criminal justice system. If on the other hand the situation remains status-quo with the same approach as currently exists, than VOM will most definitely remain missing and non-existent in our legal system. References Braun, K. (n.d.). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Victim Offender Reconciliation Programà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Community Mediation Services of Polk County. Oregon: Dallas. Delvigne, A. (2005), 7th International Conference on Conferencing, Circle s and Other Restorative Practices: Manchester, England. Dussich, J. P., Schellenberg, J. (2010). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Promise of Restorative Justice: New Approaches for Criminal Justice and Beyondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . pp. 121-123. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Fionda, J. (2005). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Devils and Angelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Hart Publishing, p. 175. Howard, Z., Gohar, A. (2003). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Little Book of Restorative Justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Good Books Publication, USA. Motschnig, R., Nykl, L. (2014). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Person-Centred Communication: Theory, Skills and Practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . pp. 55-56. Berkshire: England. Open University Press. Office of Victims of Crime (2000). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Guidelines for Victim-Sensitive / Victim-Offender Mediation: Restorative Justice through Dialogueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/ovc_archives/reports/96517-gdlines_victims-sens/guide7.html. Restorative Justice Act (2010). Chapter 516 of the Laws of Malta. Umbreit, M. (2001). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The handbook of victim offender mediationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Criminal Justice System" essay for you Create order

Theory of Cognitive Development and Jean Piaget - 2077 Words

Abstract: Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget was the first to study cognitive development systematically. One of his major contributions is his theory of cognitive development. However, his theory has numerous limitations and has come under frequent criticism. This essay will analyse four limitations of Piaget s theory and provide alternative accounts. The first three limitations will be presented through a cultural, social, neuroscientific point of view, and finally, end with the problems of research methods used in Piaget s study to build his theory. It is found that Piaget s theory does not combine cultural context and social context with the development itself and lacks scientific evidence. Moreover, problems in his research methods†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, to emphasise on cultural influences on cognitive development, Carl Ratner mentioned in the articleHistorical and Contemporary Significance of Vygotsky s Sociohistorical Psychology that Vygotsky and Luria (1930/1993) argued that a significant cultural reconstruction has to take place in order for the child to shift from the stage of primitive perceptions to the next one -to the stage of competent forms of adaptation to the external world For example, although Piagets sees that children understand conservation after the pre-operational stage (2-7 years), Joseph C.Berland illustrated in his writings that Price-Williams et al. (1969) showed that pottery making children as young as 6 were able to conserve. However, it is noted by Case and Okamoto et al. that some children from certain cultures are not able to pass conservation tests until they reach puberty while some never pass these tests. In other words, Piaget s theory may be limited to be more representative of children from a certain culture. Second, apart from the limitations due to Piaget ignoring cultural influences, some are related to Piaget overlooking social influences. Without considering the social context, such as the influence of adults or social surroundings, Piaget s theory may not be applied toShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget : Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget, was a trained biologist who was employed at the Binet Institute, where his main job was to develop a French version of an intelligence test. Piaget was very interested in the reason why children would give wrong answers to questions which called for some type of logical thinking. It was believed by Piaget that these wrong answers showed some very drastic differences between the way children and adults both thought ( McLeod, 2015), thisRead MoreCognitive Theory And Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory Essay2016 Words   |  9 Pageslearning expansion in general and play a vital fragment of early childhood development. They all accept that cognitive learning is relatively systematic and takes place gradually at a variety of rates. Learning only occurs when experience causes a permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behaviour (Weatherby-Fell, N. 2013). I am reviewing Burrus Federic Skinner’s behavioural theory and Jean Piaget cognitive developme nt theory. This report style essay will provide an overview of the two theoristsRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development895 Words   |  4 Pageshave contributed to the study of Psychology. One of these great contributors is Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. He is mostly known for his theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget used his own life as well of the lives of his own children to develop this theory. He believed that the thought process between children and adults were different and thus that began the process of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget is a Swiss psychologist who was born on August 9, 1986. He is one of the mostRead MoreJean Piaget And His Theory On Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and His Theory on Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is one of the most influential theorists in cognitive development and he argues that children pass through the same sequence of stages when it comes to this developmental domain. This paper will begin with a general overview of Jean Piaget’s beliefs when it comes to children’s cognitive development and the basics of his four stages. Next, an in depth look will be taken at each of the stages followed by defining the Piagetian ideasRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development943 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget’s theories of cognitive development broke new ground in the field of Psychology leading to the extension of further research into the area of developmental psychology. In this essay I seek to examine these theories whilst considering their current relevance to modern psychology and society. A major part of Piaget’s theory focuses around the idea of schemas; a set of linked mental representations used to make sense of the world. According to Piaget (1952), we are born with a small setRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay2015 Words   |  9 Pages Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Penny Clark Austin Peay State University Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Introduction There have been many people that have made huge contributions to the school of psychology. Perhaps one of the most influential theorists was Jean Piaget. Piaget was a philosopher, biologist, educationalist, and psychologists. He decided to study the many ways in which children develop knowledge. He made many contributions to his theoriesRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1607 Words   |  7 PagesShaquille Ross Professor Morris Piaget Theory Jean Piaget s theory of cognitive development gives a broader way of explaining the way of how the process of thinking is developed, based off of different age groups. He became interested in how organisms adapt and conform to its environment. He believe that it was labelled as intelligence. He observed these behaviors by controlling them through schema or schemes. In other words, Piaget organized experiments that are based off of intellectualRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development998 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget, born in Switzerland in 1896, contributed to our understanding of the minds of children by introducing his theory of cognitive development. This theory shows us how children come to understand the world in four different stages: the sensorimotor stage, the pre operational stage, the concrete operational stage and the formal operational stage. According to Piaget, each one of these stages is the foundation for the next, so missing a stage is impossible. H e compares it to building the secondRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1587 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget was born August 9,1896 in Neuchatel, Switzerland. Before being the first person to make systematic study for cognitive development, he was a clinical psychologist. Piaget was known for his work and for being the founder for child development. He created the theory cognitive-developmental (Kohler, 2008). According to the book, cognitive-developmental theory is one that reflects the behaviors of multiple cognitive structures, the organized patterns of thinking, and the experience that that

Bsn vs Associate Degree in Nursing free essay sample

The Associate dDegree nNurse(ADN) takes a shorter path of two years where the BSN takes longer one with 4 years of education to complete the degree. When we compare the data collected by various groups of nursing professionals, it is evident that the mortality rate, medication errors and patient outcomes are largely improved with high number of BSN onboard. The ADNAssociate degree nurse program was introduced to minimize the nursing shortage during post, second world warSecond World War. Even though The Goldmark report in 1923 recommended that the entry level of education for professional practice as a registered nurse should be a bachelorBachelor of Science in nursing (BSN), the new Associate degree nurse programs, gained much popularity among health care settings, and continuesprograms, gained much popularity among health care settings, and continue even today. Associate degree nursing programs are more to task oriented, where BSN program is based on theory and research. We will write a custom essay sample on Bsn vs Associate Degree in Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The needs of patients are changing on a daily basis, the need for higher education for nurses is in great demand.. Nurses are advocates of patient population, so be prepared to have the knowledge to help them, in preventive medicine, risk reduction, disease management, public health and over all provide a safe environment as per Nightingales theory of environment. When you compare work of an associate degree nurse with a BSN on a daily basis you could see the differences of approaches between associate degree nurse and a BSN. In this author’s experience, an associate degree nurse is well oriented to practical side of nursing, which is well evidenced. When comes to a patient with MRSA infection of an amputated limp site, the Associate degree nurse, is quick to get the patient pain meds, help with positioning, dressing changes, and maintains a clean environment, maintains contact isolation and provided emotional support. Whereas the BSN is there to teach the patient and family about prevention of infection, promotion of healing by correct diet choices, increasing activity and maintain the previous activity level, and prevent progression of infection and further loss. Also coordinated the care with dietary, physical therapy, occupational therapy, social services and case management services etc, thus provided the patient a smooth transition to the new life as a right above knee amputee. The BSN did investigate about the support groups, prosthesis options, family dynamics, and so on. In this situation one could clearly see the different ways of an associate nurse in their scope of practice vsvs. BSN performed through evidence based nursing practices. The expectation to the future of nursing is that, nurse should be capable of maintaining a patient’s over all well being, mentally, physically, socially and emotionally. One could obtain those qualities through proper education and adapting multiple ways of thinking. The ability of clinical reasoning is very important. The clinical picture of patient is changing, always ask yourself, why, what and how. Why the clinical picture is changing, what are the causes, and how can we correct that. For this we have to understand the metaparadigm of nursing, explained by the founders of nursing. A nurse also should have the clinical imagination, scientific and creative reasoning. The new age of nursing is characterized by a synthesis of facts and ideas that generate principles and theories. (Rogers,1994) . One could only achieve that by advancing one’s education to a higher level. Once you reach that level, the horizon is wide; you could further advance your studies to masters programs, nurse practitioner in various disciplines, go for doctorate programs etc. tc. In a study report from International Jjournal of nursingof Nursing sStudies, June 2009, headed by Dr. Kkoen Van den Heede found a major link between the number of BSN on cardiac care units and hospital mortality. Data analyzed from different countries including Canada, Belgium, Netherlands and USA. The result showed there were 4. 9 percentages fewer deaths per 1000 patients on intensive care units with higher num ber of nurses with BSN degree. Linda Aiken and her associates, in their Landmark study in 2003 showed a strong connection between the educational level of registered nurses and patient outcomes. Substantial survival advantage noted specially in surgical patient population. , Even as little as 10% increase in the BSN degree holders make a difference in patient death and failure to rescue by 5%. A highly educated nursing work force is essential to the future of nursing. In short, the medial world is changing, so as the patient.